REVISTA GEONORTE

VARIABILIDADE TEMPORAL DO FLUXO DE ELEMENTOS-TRAÇO BIOLOGICAMENTE ESSENCIAIS NA BACIA DO RIO NEGRO – AM

Leylane Lima — 2025-12-30

This article presents the results of a study conducted in the Rio Negro watershed, which has a drainage area of approximately 719,000 km². It is considered the sixth largest river in the world by water volume and the second largest tributary of the Amazon River, contributing about 15% of the water that the Amazon discharges into the Atlantic Ocean. The study aimed to characterize this basin regarding the temporal variability of the flow of biologically essential trace elements (Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, and Zn). To achieve this, data from the Hybam Program were utilized, covering the period from 2003 to 2018 at the hydrometric stations of Serrinha on the Rio Negro and Caracaraí on the Rio Branco. The temporal analysis yielded the concentration of trace elements, with the Caracaraí station showing the highest concentrations. However, when assessing the flux of these elements, the results were inverted, revealing that the Serrinha station exhibited higher values than Caracaraí, primarily due to the net discharge at Serrinha being greater than that at Caracaraí. The physicochemical parameters demonstrated influence from hydrological regimes. Therefore, this study indicated temporal variation in the parameters examined.

Keywords: Rio Negro; Hydrological Cycle; Geochemistry.

Analysis of Precipitation Variability and Trend in the State of Pará, Brazil (1982-2022)

Diego Lima Crispim — 2025-12-30

This study aimed to analyze the distribution, behavior, variability, and trends of precipitation in the state of Pará, Brazil, using historical series of annual and monthly total precipitation data provided by the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) for a period of 41 years (1982 to 2022). The statistical analysis included measures of central tendency, dispersion, and percentiles, followed by the application of non-parametric tests: Mann-Kendall (MK), Spearman, and Sen’s Slope, all at a 95% confidence level. The results revealed that the average annual precipitation in the state of Pará ranged from 2,433.3 mm to 1,617.8 mm, with an average of 2,087.8 mm. Seasonal variability in the precipitation regime was observed, with a rainy season from December to May, March being the rainiest month with volumes exceeding 330 mm, and a drier season from June to November, with August showing volumes below 52 mm. The applied non-parametric tests indicated that the trends observed in the annual precipitation series were inconsistent and not significant, both positively and negatively, at a significance level of 5% (α = 0.05). These findings suggest that annual precipitation in the state of Pará does not exhibit significant changes over time, highlighting the need for appropriate management of water resources in the region, considering its variability.

VULNERABILIDADES EM MOVIMENTO

Fabiane Vinente dos Santos — 2025-12-30

The Covid-19 pandemic had a global impact on human mobility, exacerbating preexisting vulnerabilities among migrants. In Brazil, the health crisis coincided with a significant migratory flow of Venezuelans, particularly to Manaus, the capital of Amazonas, which became one of the pandemic’s epicenters. This study investigates the housing and employment conditions of Venezuelan migrants in Manaus during the pandemic, analyzing how these factors influenced their social and health vulnerability. The research adopts a qualitative approach, based on semi-structured interviews conducted with 13 Venezuelan migrants between 2021 and 2023. Data was processed through content analysis, considering the dimensions of social and programmatic vulnerability. The results indicate that the lack of support networks and labor precarization hindered adherence to public health measures. Housing insecurity increased the risk of contagion, while informal employment exposed migrants to exhausting workdays without labor rights. Moreover, fear of discrimination and language barriers limit access to healthcare services. The pandemic intensified structural inequalities faced by migrants, making them more susceptible to eviction, illness, and labor exploitation. These findings underscore the need for public policies that ensure housing security, social protection, and equitable access to healthcare services.

CORRELAÇÃO ENTRE MOVIMENTOS DE MASSA E PLUVIOSIDADE NAS ÁREAS DE RISCO DO MACIÇO DE JABURUNA, VILA VELHA – ES

Fernando de Almeida Felix — 2025-12-30

The Maciço de Jaburuna in Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, is a densely populated region of slopes that has been frequently affected by mass movement episodes associated with intense rain events for years. These occurrences bring inconveniences to the population and infrastructure, constituting a challenging field for Civil Protection and Defense and Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) policies. This paper proposes to develop a correlation study between mass movement and rainfall indexes, in order to provide parameters to subsidize the elaboration of an early warning system for the referred area. The evaluation of the results obtained indicates that the time intervals of 6 hours, 24 hours, and 96 hours are the most influential in triggering landslides. Notably, the great intensity and short-term rains play a significant role. The analysis suggests that these rains can cause mass movement independently of early accumulated rainfall. The minimum values observed for geological events are 22.99 mm/6h, 39.22 mm/24h and 53.63 mm/96h, defined as monitoring thresholds at the observation level. Values above 39.22 mm/6h, 39.22 mm/24h and 58.08 mm/96h have been defined as attention level thresholds. As warning level thresholds, values above 93.91 mm/6h, 111.23 mm/24h and 132.05 mm/96h were established.

DINÂMICA ESPACIAL DOS FOCOS DE QUEIMADAS NO MUNICÍPIO DE BARREIRAS-BA ATRAVÉS DE SATÉLITES POLARES E GEOESTACIONÁRIOS

Georje Lincon de Castro Oliveira — 2025-12-30

O mapeamento de queimadas é essencial para entender a extensão e frequência dos incêndios em uma determinada região, assim como implementar estratégias eficazes de prevenção e resposta. Nesse sentido, esse trabalho tem por objetivo realizar análise espaço-temporal da dinâmica dos focos de queimadas no município de Barreiras – BA, através de satélites polares e geoestacionários, e correlaciona-los com variáveis meteorológicas. Os dados utilizados foram obtidos do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (BDQ/INPE,) período de 2013 a 2023, e na PCD (Plataforma de Coleta de Dados Automática) Barreiras. A estimativa de densidade Kernel, estatística e regressões lineares, utilizou-se na correlação dos focos de queimadas com variáveis meteorológicas (temperatura do ar e umidade relativa do ar). No período analisado identificamos 2.124 focos, com média anual de 193, sendo os anos de 2022 e 2023 com as maiores concentrações, 317 e 298, respectivamente, representando 28,95% do total de focos no período. A maior densidade espacial (focos/km²) verificou-se nas áreas centrais do município, e com predominância na porção norte, possivelmente devido às condições ambientais favoráveis à agricultura. A umidade relativa do ar e a temperatura do ar, destacaram-se com maior contribuição na ocorrência dos focos de queimadas no município, evidenciando coeficientes de determinação (R² = 0,78) e 0,38, respectivamente, enquanto a precipitação apresentou a menor correlação (R² = 0,23). Os resultados encontrados poderão subsidiar informações para criação de banco de dados, que auxiliará no controle e na prevenção das perdas ambientais, decorrentes do descontrole do fogo.

DESENVOLVIMENTO DE UM MODELO DE RISCO PARA A GESTÃO DE INCÊNDIOS FLORESTAIS NO CEARÁ, BRASIL

Mauricio Alejandro Perea Ardila — 2025-12-30

The present study developed a risk model for wildfire management in Ceará, Brazil, using Geographic Information System tools. The model integrates eight physical and climatic variables, including precipitation, temperature, potential evapotranspiration, slope, aspect, land cover, proximity to roads, and altitude. These factors were weighted according to their contribution to fire risk, with precipitation (30.7%), temperature (21.82%), and potential evapotranspiration (19.13%) emerging as the most influential variables. The model was validated using historical fire hotspot data from FIRMS (2001–2024), revealing that 75.79% of the hotspots occurred in areas classified as moderate, high, or very high risk. Nevertheless, discrepancies were identified in 24.21% of cases, primarily attributable to socioeconomic factors and human activities not considered in the model. The results indicate that approximately 54.92% of Ceará’s territory is classified as high or very high risk (≈81111.30 km²), with critical areas concentrated in regions such as Quixadá and Fortaleza. These zones align with areas near major roads and urbanized regions, underscoring the significance of anthropogenic activity in fire occurrence. This analysis enhances spatial and methodological accuracy by incorporating more variables and a detailed resolution (30 m). The proposed model serves as a valuable tool for territorial planning and decision-making, enabling the prioritization of prevention and mitigation strategies in higher-risk areas. Future studies could further improve the model by integrating socioeconomic.

VARIABILIDADE TEMPORAL E ESPACIAL DA EROSIVIDADE DAS CHUVAS NO ESTADO DE GOIÁS SEGUNDO TRÊS MODELOS

DIOGO SILVA PENA — 2025-12-30

Currently, Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) developed by Wischmeier e Smith (1978) is considered an efficient and relatively low cost method to predict the losses that a soil will suffer due to different management, conservationist practices, and under different edaphoclimatic conditions, being a direct indication of the sustainability of a productive system. The erosivity factor (R) is one of the variables that make up the USLE model and expresses the capacity or erosive potential of a rain, and its value is defined by the EI30 index. The main objective of this study was to test and evaluate, for the state of Goiás, three different methods of estimating the EI30 proposed by Morais et al. (1991), Lombardi Neto e Moldenhauer (1992) and Silva et al. (1997), and check if there were significant changes in the value of rain erosivity between 1985 and 2017. So, it was observed that both the precipitation and erosivity values varied over the age of 33 years in 9.3%, a value considered “low” according to the classification of Pimentel-Gomes (1985).

Mapping of flood risk areas at the headquarters of the Municipality of Altamira-PA

Anderson Eudoxio Araujo — 2025-12-30

Global warming has been generating intense climate events that worsen over the years due to land use and occupation. Thus, environmental disasters such as floods have become more common in several cities. In view of this, the need for urban resilience to improve society's quality of life arises. The objective of the research was to map the areas at risk of flooding in the city of Altamira/PA. To this end, a bibliographic and documentary survey was carried out, obtaining data and information on the history of flooding in the study area, followed by the development of the HAND Model (Height Above the Nearest Drainage Model) using images from the Alos Palsar satellite with a spatial resolution of 12.5 m, which subsequently composed maps in 5 risk classifications for their interpretation. For this, the HAND Model and QGIS software were used. Therefore, the maps with HAND showed that the most affected neighborhoods are in the vicinity of the city center and in the northeast region of the city, making it necessary for the government to pay more attention to them when making decisions related to flood prevention and control. Furthermore, even though the HAND Model has limitations, it showed that its use was effective in delineating flood risk areas, which could be observed through its validation using historical flood records in the urban area of Altamira. However, further studies are needed to improve its accuracy by reconciling more precise data, together with other elements that interfere in the dynamics of local flood events.

INDICADORES DE ADAPTAÇÃO AOS EFEITOS DAS MUDANÇAS CLIMÁTICAS NOS MUNICÍPIOS DA MESORREGIÃO METROPOLITANA DE BELÉM

Lorena Amorim — 2025-12-30

Projections indicate that the Amazon Basin will face varied impacts due to climate change, with significant changes in temperature, humidity and precipitation across the entire region.Given that some degree of impact is inevitable, it is crucial to implement adaptation actions. These measures should be implemented by municipal management, which is aware of local risks and vulnerabilities. The main challenge for municipal management is the lack of information. This study aims to analyze the adaptation potential of municipalities in the Belém Metropolitan Mesoregion (MMB), providing specific information at the local level. The methodology was applied in 11 municipalities in the MMB (Belém, Castanhal, Barcarena, Ananindeua, Marituba, Benevides, Bujaru, Santa Izabel do Pará, Santo Antônio do Tauá, Inhangapi, and Santa Bárbara do Pará). Twenty-eight indicators divided into five dimensions (Housing, Urban Mobility, Sustainable Agriculture, Environmental Management, and Response to Climate Impacts) were analyzed. These indicators make up the Urban Adaptation Index (UAI). Spatial correlations were performed with the Moran Index and statistical correlations of the UAI with GDP (Gross Domestic Product) and HDI (Municipal Human Development Index). The overall UAI result shows four municipalities with Good results (Belém, Castanhal, Barcarena and Ananindeua), three with Regular results (Marituba, Benevides and Bujaru) and four with Bad results (Santa Izabel do Pará, Santo Antônio do Tauá, Inhangapi and Santa Bárbara do Pará). It was observed that the UAI presents better results in more developed and populous municipalities, such as Ananindeua, Barcarena and Belém, with average UAI of 0.75; 0.75 and 0.67, respectively. The results highlight the need for adaptation to climate change to be measured not only by the existence of management instruments, but also by the effective application of these instruments in the municipalities.

ASSOCIATIVISMO LOCAL E O ÊXITO FEMININO NAS ELEIÇÕES MUNICIPAIS DE 2020 NO BRASIL

Ingridy Nogueira Cruz — 2025-12-30

The present study aims to understand whether local associations influenced the electoral success of candidates, for the positions of councilor and mayor, in the 2020 municipal elections, in brazilian municipalities with a small demographic size (up to 15 thousand inhabitants) and with a low Municipal Human Development Index (IDHM). To this end, these municipalities were selected from the databases of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and the United Nations Development Program (PNUD), totaling 747. From the database of the Institute of Economic Research Applied (IPEA), the respective associations formally registered and active in the areas of social assistance, religion, education and health were identified, referenced in the literature as having greater female participation. The Spearman correlation measure was calculated between the number of councilors and the number of mayors elected in 2020, and between these and the number of formal associations linked to women. The results obtained indicate weak correlations (Spearman's rho ≈ 0 and p-value > 0.05) for all tested pairs, that is, no correspondence was observed between the electoral success of female mayors and councilors, and vice versa, as well as , in general, the number of these civil organizations is not related to the success of the elected councilors and mayors.

Diagnosis of climate finance in amazon cities

Géssica dos Santos Rodrigues — 2025-12-30

The Amazon is known for its rich biodiversity and the unique cultures of its native and traditional peoples, making it a subject of both national and international interest. Protecting this biodiversity is a recurring topic in the discussions about climate change and its impacts on society and the environment. Climate finance has become an essential part of these discussions, highlighting the need to allocate a portion of these financial resources to Amazon to implement measures for mitigating and adapting to climate change. However, the Amazonian reality includes traditional environmental and cultural riches and cities with concentrated urban development where most of society and essential services are found. Thus, the article poses the question: Do Amazonian cities play a role in the ongoing climate change and climate finance discussion? The methodology for addressing this question involved two main steps, primarily utilizing secondary data from the institutions' databases that finance and monitor the global and national flow of climate finance. The result revealed that 5% of the funding received by the Amazon from 1960 to 2019 was allocated to cities, and 1% targeted climate change in Amazonian cities. Considering the data and final results, it is worth mentioning that Amazon is receiving significant investments for mitigation and adaptation measures related to climate change. However, these financial investments do not significantly include cities.

VULNERABILIDADE HIDROSSOCIAL NA FOZ DA SUB-BACIA DO RIO MOCAMBO DO ARARI, PARINTINS/AMAZONAS

Andréa Barata Teixeira — 2025-12-30

A água é um recurso essencial para a vida humana e para o equilíbrio ambiental, desempenhando papel central na sobrevivência das populações e na construção social. No entanto, sua escassez, especialmente em regiões onde a relação entre o homem e o ambiente hídrico é mais frágil, pode gerar graves impactos nas condições de vida das comunidades. Esse fenômeno é caracterizado como vulnerabilidade hidrossocial, termo que reflete a interdependência entre as comunidades e os recursos hídricos locais, com impactos tanto nos aspectos físicos (como o fornecimento de água e a navegabilidade dos rios) quanto sociais (afetando a qualidade de vida e os serviços essenciais). Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a situação atual da vulnerabilidade hidrossocial na sub-bacia do rio Mocambo do Arari, Parintins-Amazonas. A vulnerabilidade hidrossocial nessa região é particularmente visível durante o período de vazante, quando a diminuição do nível da água e o bloqueio da foz por sedimentos dificultam o acesso às áreas de abastecimento e aumentam os riscos para a mobilidade e a sobrevivência das populações locais. Essas mudanças têm afetado diretamente a capacidade de navegabilidade do rio e, consequentemente, provoca a escassez de recursos, que afetam a saúde, a segurança alimentar e o acesso a serviços essenciais. A pesquisa realizada na sub-bacia do rio Mocambo do Arari revelou a importância de restaurar a vegetação ripária e adotar estratégias sustentáveis de manejo dos recursos hídricos. Isso é essencial para mitigar os impactos da vulnerabilidade hidrossocial, garantir a sustentabilidade da região e promover um futuro mais resiliente para as comunidades locais.

O BOLSÃO DA FOME E DA POBREZA NA ÁREA CENTRAL DO ANEL DE (DES)INTEGRAÇÃO DO PARANÁ

NAYANI MARIA VITORIA DA SILVA SANCHES — 2025-12-30

The humanity history has been, since the beginning, the history of its struggle to obtain “our daily bread” said Josué de Castro (1961, p. 45). Therefore, the aim of this research is to analyze hunger and poverty in the Region of Hunger and Poverty of Paraná (RHPP). The region is excluded by the Paraná State Integration Ring, becoming an eminent pocket of social and economic problems. The methodological procedures used were: quali-quantitative research, as well as bibliographic research based on authors such as Castro (1937), Sen (2010), Santos (2009), Blum (2015) and Fernandes and Ludka (2020). Secondary data collections were carried out in government agencies such as: Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics - IBGE, Ministry of Citizenship, Atlas Brasil and the Federal Government Transparency Portal. High rates of social vulnerability were found in several municipalities that make up the RHPP, which can lead to hunger, poverty and extreme poverty.

CONFORTO E DESCONFORTO TÉRMICO AMBIENTAL NO RESTAURANTE UNIVERSITÁRIO DO MUNICÍPIO DE HUMAITÁ – AMAZONAS

Lauriane Souza Alves — 2025-12-30

The thermal comfort index determines whether an environment is favorable to the development of some activity. The main aim of this paper was to analyze the level of thermal comfort and discomfort in a university restaurant. The research was carried out in the university restaurant of the Institute of Education, Agriculture and Environment - IEAA/UFAM, which is located in the municipality of Humaitá/AM. Air temperature, dew point temperature and relative humidity data have been registered from September/2022 to August/2023 by the Thermo-hygrometer (Hobo®), which stored averages every 15 minutes. The results have shown that July/2023 was the hottest, with thermal comfort indices (HCI) of 33°C (7am) and 53°C (4pm), which corresponds to the degree of varying comfort and unbearable discomfort, respectively. In January/2023, February/2023, March/2023, November/2022 and December/2022, the minimum HCI values analyzed varied between 34°C and 35°C (5am and 7am) and 43°C and 46°C (4pm and 5pm), which corresponds to the degree of varying comfort and bearable discomfort. The highest indices of thermal discomfort occurred in the months of July and August, being 92°C (2pm), which corresponds to heat stress, and the lowest occurred in the months January/2023, February/2023, March/2023, November/2022 and December/2022, being 73°C and 74°C (4am and 7am), comfortable effect. Thus, the area studied appears to be ideal for people to visit, except in the afternoon between 1 pm and 3 pm, because these are the times when the temperature reaches a very high peak, causing discomfort for those who visit the environment.

ORIGEM E EVOLUÇÃO DAS JACUZZIS NATURAIS (MARMITAS) EM PRESIDENTE FIGUEIREDO (AM)

Isabela Apoema Souza — 2025-12-30

The potholes are circular exokarst geoforms found in the drainage bedrock and traditionally due to the abrasive action of water. At Presidente Figueiredo (AM), large potholes, locally called naturals jacuzzi, have attracted attention related to their geotourism potential, as well as formation, since traditional hydrodynamic models are incompatible with the depths of these geoforms. This article presents a morphometrics and geodiversity characterization of the main occurrences of the geoforms sites, with the aim of promoting local geodiversity and sustainable use of the natural environment of the proposal Cachoeiras do Amazonas Geopark. The 123 availed potholes occur in fine-to-medium grained sandstones of the Nhamundá Formation (Amazon Basin). Elliptical apertures and pan type predominate, with positive linear trend diameter/depth ratio and a major axis oriented toward the NW quadrant, compatible with the main regional neotectonic efforts. The origin and evolution of naturals jacuzzi involve initial excavations in structural anisotropies, coalescence and enlarge of the geoform along the anisotropies, and rock dissolution promoted by the cyclical lowering of the water table. The geodiversity analysis classified the geoforms occurrences as national relevance geosites and geodiversity sites. The information was shared with the territory's tourist guides and used to propose interpretative panels that highlight the local geodiversity, reinforcing policies inherent to the future implementation of the geopark.

MANDIOCA E FARINHA NA ÁREA DO LAGO JANAUACÁ

João Renôr Ferreira de Carvalho — 2025-12-30

Research carried out by the students of the Agrarian Geography subject of the UA Geography Course under the guidance of Prof. João Renor F. de Caravalho.

EVALUATION OF ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACTS ON THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF THE WATER IN IGARAPÉ ÁGUA BRANCA, MANAUS/AM

Alan Kristian Nunes Machado — 2025-12-30

The anthropogenic impacts on the urban streams of Manaus are visible to the naked eye, ranging from siltation to the direct discharge of effluents into their water bodies. The main objective of the research was to identify and assess these impacts in the Água Branca stream watershed in Manaus and their potential interference with the water's physicochemical parameters, such as temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, total suspended solids, oxidation, and turbidity. The method used was the hypothetical-deductive approach, with the hypothesis that the stream's waters would be altered due to point and diffuse pollution sources resulting from anthropogenic actions. The sampling and analysis of the physicochemical parameters were conducted using a Multiparameter (HI98194) with a probe (HI7698194) and a portable Turbidimeter (HI93703C). The results revealed significant variations among the collection points, mainly related to deforestation, diffuse pollution, and anthropogenic activities. The most impacted point was located near the stream's mouth, where the absence of riparian forest on the left bank and the presence of erosive processes resulted in the siltation of this part of the channel. It is concluded that the waters of the Água Branca stream are altered due to anthropogenic impacts, especially in areas such as Avenida do Turismo, which, through diffuse pollution, releases a large amount of sediment into the main course. The research highlights the urgent need for external public policies to preserve Manaus' urban streams and control urban expansion